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The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the birth of two distinct philosophical schools in Europe: analytic philosophy and phenomenology. The history of 20th-century philosophy is often written as an account of the development of one or both of these schools, as well as their overt or covert mutual hostility. What is often left out of this history, however, is the relationship between the two European schools and a third significant philosophical event: the birth and development of pragmatism, the indigenous philosophical movement of the United States. Through a careful analysis of seminal figures and central texts, this book explores the mutual intellectual influences, convergences, and differences between these three revolutionary philosophical traditions. The essays in this volume aim to show the central role that pragmatism played in the development of philosophical thought at the turn of the twentieth century, widen our understanding of a seminal point in the history of philosophy, and shed light on the ways in which these three schools of thought continue to shape the theoretical agenda of contemporary philosophy.
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Pragmatism established a philosophical presence over a century ago through the work of Charles Peirce, William James and John Dewey, and has enjoyed an unprecedented revival in recent years owing to the pioneering efforts of Richard Rorty and Hilary Putnam. The essays in this volume explore the history and themes of classic pragmatism, discuss the revival of pragmatism and show how it engages with a range of areas of inquiry including politics, law, education, aesthetics, religion and feminism. Together they provide readers with an overview of the richness and vitality of pragmatist thinking and the influence that it continues to exert both in philosophy and other disciplines. The volume will be of interest to students and scholars of pragmatism, American philosophy and political theory.
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Qu’est-ce que le pragmatisme ? Un des rares termes de la langue courante qui vienne de la philosophie, qui plus est de la philosophie américaine. William James, qui a forgé le terme, conçoit le pragmatisme comme le "corridor" de l’hôtel-philosophie : chaque chambre est occupée par un philosophe ayant sa doctrine propre, mais tous doivent emprunter le corridor comme voie d’accès ou de sortie.Être pragmatique, c’est envisager le sens d’une idée comme existant par des manifestations pratiques, c’est être proche du tangible plutôt que de s’enfermer dans une vision contemplative : chacun a donc intérêt à adopter cette position philosophique au profit de sa pensée. Chez James, cette méthode réactualise et radicalise l’empirisme anglais dans la lignée de Locke, de Berkeley et de Hume, et débouche sur une nouvelle définition de la vérité. Publié en 1907, Le Pragmatisme est toujours actuel : en expliquant comment manier l’abstraction philosophique pour mieux comprendre le monde concret, il propose un remède contre les "crampes philosophiques" qui gênent périodiquement le débat d’idées.
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